Foreign companies are moving their manufacturing facilities out of China to establish production hubs in other countries as trade tensions continue to brew between China and the US. Malaysia, the world’s sixth largest exporter of semiconductors in the world, has greatly benefited from this strategy known as China Plus One, where companies diversify their business outside of China.

Malaysia has a 50-year edge in the sector given that Intel established its first international manufacturing plant in the northern state of Penang. Intel is also building another factory in Penang that will be the US States chip giant firm’s overseas facility for advanced 3D chip packaging. Malaysia is on a particularly attractive spot given that many semiconductor and electric vehicle companies relocating to Southeast Asia to bypass trade restrictions and strengthen their supply chains.

The country has an existing ecosystem in Penang and the neighbouring Kulim in Kedah. This provides an option for technology companies seeking to date-risk amidst intense rivalries between the US and China over cutting-edge technologies.

Philippines — The Alternative Location

It seems Philippines is also attracting attention from Chinese enterprises, Manufacturing Asia noted. JLL, a global real estate company, states that companies are diversifying their manufacturing locations across India and Southeast Asia, including the Philippines, to offset supply chain disruptions in China.

China has dominated global manufacturing for decades. However, JLL noted that companies are “increasingly diversifying their operations elsewhere, adding manufacturing bases outside of China to hedge against supply chain disruptions.” Rising costs in China, the firm said, have pushed manufacturers to expand to other countries, with land prices in China being up to twice higher than in Southeast Asian countries and India.

Michael Ignatiadis, JLL Asia Pacific Head of Manufacturing Strategy stated that diversification within supply chains is a natural step for companies involved in manufacturing within the wider economic lifecycle of Southeast Asia and India. The Philippines, in particular, has caught the attention of the US with its inclusion in the CHIPS Act, which aims to expand and diversify the semiconductor supply chain such as integrated circuits, RF/microwave, and assembly and testing services.

JLL also noted the record-high of US$49.1 billion in electronics exports in 2022, including consumer and industrial electronics, as well as telecommunication equipment. The firm, added the manufacturing sector should make a careful evaluation of non-cost or qualitative factors when deciding to diversify.

Skilled labour, infrastructure, environmental regulations, proximity to suppliers and political stability are all crucial for long-term success and sustainability in manufacturing operations. Peter Guevarra JLL Asia Pacific Director and research consultancy said that each economy in Southeast Asia is at a different level of its manufacturing storey.

“But we can confidently say that policymakers are extremely keen to take advantage of diversification initiatives of supply chains,” he stressed.

Companies must also carefully evaluate various factors such as costs, market access, infrastructure, labour and governmental support before making investment decisions. 

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